Population An Introduction to Concepts and Issues 12th Edition Test Bank
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO DEMOGRAPHY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Understand what the field of demography is all
about.
2. Understand why demography is important to
study—how it connects the dots.
3. Heighten the awareness of the relationships
between population and resources.
4. Comprehend the relationships between
population and global events.
5. Understand how demographic information can be
used.
MAIN POINTS
1.
Demography is
concerned with everything that influences or can be influenced by population
size, growth or decline, processes, spatial distribution, structure, and
characteristics.
2.
Almost everything in
your life has demographic underpinnings that you should understand.
3.
Demography is a force
in the world that influences every improvement in human well-being that the
world has witnessed over the past few hundred years.
4.
The past was very
different from the present in large part because of demographic changes taking
place all over the globe; and the future will be different for the same
reasons.
5.
The cornerstones of
population studies are the processes of mortality (a deadly subject), fertility
(a well-conceived topic), and migration (a moving experience).
6.
Demographic change
demands that societies adjust, thus forcing social change, but different
societies will respond differently to these challenges, sometimes for the
better, sometimes for the worse.
7.
Examples of global
issues that have deep and important demographic components include the
relationship of population to food, water, and energy resources, as well as
housing and infrastructure, and environmental degradation.
8.
Population is also
connected to social and political dynamics such as regional conflict, often
exacerbated by youth bulges, as well as globalization, the need for immigrants
created by the phenomenon of “demographic fit” and then the backlash against
those immigrants.
9.
Changes in the age
structure are the most obvious ways in which demography forces societal change
and, at the same time, creates business opportunities—exemplified by the idea
of “riding the age wave.”
10.
A key to all
demographic trends in the world is the status of women.
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Multiple-Choice (Choose the single best answer—the page where the answer
is found is indicated in parentheses)
1.
The modern concept of
demography emphasizes the ______ and ______ of population change.
1. causes; consequences (3)
2. spatial distribution; population structure
3. processes; characteristics
4. size; growth
1. “Hatching, matching, and dispatching” is
shorthand for the description of
1. population processes. (3)
2. population distribution.
3. population characteristics.
4. none of the above.
1. Population structure is defined as
1. how many people there are in a given place.
2. where people are located and why.
3. how many males and females there are of each
age. (3)
4. what people are like in a given place.
1.
The concept of the
past as a foreign country is based on the idea that
1. there used to be fewer foreigners in the
United States than there are now.
2. the boundaries of the country have changed
over the past two hundred years.
3. the population structure and characteristics
have changed over time. (3)
4. immigrants have dramatically changed the
demographics of the United States.
1. Between 1910 and 2010, life expectancy in the
United States increased from about ____ to more than 80.
1. 40
2. 50 (4)
3. 60
4. 70
1. Between 1910 and 2010, the average number of
children born to women in the United States declined from____ to 1.9.
5. 0
6. 5
7. 0
8. 5 (4)
1. Population growth is closely associated with
water availability because
1. people prefer to live near water.
2. water is required to grow more food .(6)
3. waterways provide a key source of
transportation for people.
4. a warming planet will reduce the amount of
ground water available per person.
1. Population growth alone would not have had
such a huge impact on the environment were it not for the accompanying fact
that
1. people have been living longer.
2. there has been an intensive increase in the
use of resources. (7)
3. the atmospheric conditions have been shifting.
4. humans have settled in increasingly vulnerable
parts of the planet.
1. One of the major demographic forces that is
incendiary in the Middle East is
1. the high maternal mortality rate.
2. high mortality from violent causes.
3. refugees leaving the area.
4. the impact of the youth bulge. (8)
1. The demographic roots of violence in
sub-Saharan Africa are related especially to
1. the high maternal mortality rate.
2. high mortality from violent causes.
3. refugees leaving the area.
4. the impact of the youth bulge. (9)
1. The predominant underlying demographic roots
of social unrest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region of the world
are especially related to
1. religious differences within the region that
force women to have children.
2. the debilitating impact of dictatorships that
raise the death rate.
3. population stress on the environment. (10)
4. increasing numbers of internally displaced
persons.
1. As a region, the population of MENA was
approximately ____ times greater in 2015 than in 1950.
1. two
2. three
3. four
4. five (11)
1. Globalization is rooted in demography most
clearly as a result of
1. migration from developing to richer nations.
2. low-wage labor in rapidly growing developing
nations. (6)
3. the spread of transportation and communication
technology.
4. the global increase in educational levels.
1. The United States accepts more immigrants than
any other country in the world, but the country with the highest number of
immigrants per person is
1. (10)
2.
3. the United Kingdom.
4.
1. Besides Mexico’s proximity to the United
States, the migration from Mexico to the United States can be explained best by
1. the “demographic fit” between the two
countries. (14)
2. the deep poverty in Mexico.
3. the pervasiveness of drug use in the United
States.
4. insufficient border control.
1. With reference to Europe, the “demographic
time bomb” usually refers to
1. the rapid growth of the Muslim population.
2. the impact of undocumented immigrants from
sub-Saharan Africa.
3. low fertility leading to the demise of the
nuclear family.
4. the rapid aging of the population. (15)
1. Unlike in the United States, the aging of the
population in Japan is not accompanied by a(n)
1. rise in life expectancy.
2. drop in fertility.
3. emptying out of rural villages.
4. increase in immigration. (15)
1. Population growth and change is most
immediately experienced as changes in the ratio of
1. successive age groups to each other. (16)
2. immigrants to the native-born.
3. births to deaths.
4. women to men.
1. The rise and fall of consumer product sales is
closely associated with the ratio of
1. successive age groups to each other. (18)
2. immigrants to the native-born.
3. births to deaths.
4. women to men.
1. Economic data suggest that a ______ is good
for economic growth.
1. very youthful population
2. rapidly aging population
3. population with a disproportionate share of
people of working age (20)
4. population with a disproportionate share of
immigrants
True-False
1. The term demography has Greek linguistic roots meaning “people”
and “study of.” T (3)
2. Between 1910 and 2010 the world’s population
increased from 2 to 7 billion. T (3).
3. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the
percent of the U.S. population that was foreign born was considerably less than
it was at the beginning of the twenty-first century. F (4)
4. The fact that demography is connected to
nearly everything means that demography determines nearly everything. F (5)
5. All of the future growth in the world is
expected to show up in cities. T (7)
6. A youth bulge inevitably leads to conflict in
human populations. F (9)
7. Globalization has been spurred on by the
global decline in death rates after World War II. T (9)
8. The crime rate is associated with the age
structure because young men are most apt to commit crimes. T (18)
9. Life insurance companies and pension funds
both make more money the longer that their customers live. F (19)
10. The oppression of women in a society will
likely be associated with an unfavorable demographic profile for that country.
T (21)
ESSAY/CLASS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. When did you first become aware of demography
or population issues more broadly, and what were the things that initially
seemed to be important to you?
2. Why is the idea that nearly everything is
connected to demography, or the companion idea that demography is destiny, not
the same as demographic determinism?
3. How do you think the politics of the Middle
East and North Africa (MENA) will be influenced in the long term by the
changing demographics of the region?
4. Discuss the relative advantages and
disadvantages of a youth bulge for a society to deal with.
5. Because globalization has an underlying
demographic component, how might that affect the investing patterns of someone
who uses demography as one of their investment criteria?
WEBSITES SUGGESTED FOR THIS CHAPTER
http://www.census.gov The website of the U.S. Census Bureau has many useful
features, including U.S. and world population information and U.S. and world
population clocks (where you can check the latest estimate of the total U.S.
and world populations).
http://www.prb.org The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) in
Washington, D.C., is a world leader in developing and distributing population
information. The site includes regularly updated information about PRB’s own
activities, as well as links to a wide range of other population-related
websites all over the world.
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/ The Population Division of the United
Nations is the single most important producer of global demographic
information, which can be accessed at this site. Closely related United Nations
data can be accessed through http://data.un.org.
http://www.poodwaddle.com/clocks/worldclock/ This website keeps track of a wide range
of demographic data from various official sources and then produces estimates
that are constantly being updated (thus, they are called “clocks”) by
extrapolation models.
And, of course, check
for the latest items related to this chapter on my blog:
OTHER RESOURCES
To follow up on the
theme of “the past is a foreign country,” you might assign some or all of
Claude S. Fischer and Michael Hout, Century of Difference: How America Changed in
the Last One Hundred Years (New York: Russell Sage Foundation), 2006.
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